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Computer Architecture

Exploring the internal hardware and the logic cycles that power modern digital systems.

Primary Components

CPU

The Central Processing Unit contains the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and the CU (Control Unit). It carries out the instructions of computer programs.

RAM

Random Access Memory provides high-speed, volatile storage for the CPU to access data and instructions currently in use.

Buses

Physical connections that transfer data between the CPU and memory. Includes the Data, Address, and Control buses.

The Fetch-Execute Cycle

This is the continuous process that happens millions of times per second to run software.

1. Fetch

The CPU retrieves an instruction from a specific memory address in the RAM.

2. Decode

The Control Unit interprets the instruction to determine what operation is required.

3. Execute

The ALU performs the operation, such as a mathematical calculation or a data move.